유치원 운영 실태 비교 분석 및 교육 프로그램 평가모형 개발
책임연구원: 지성애(중앙대)
Ⅰ. 서론 ···································································································································· 1
1. 연구의 목적 및 필요성 ·································································································· 1
2. 연구의 내용 ······················································································································ 3
Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 ···················································································································· 5
1. 유치원 운영 실태 ············································································································ 5
가. 유치원 운영관리의 개념 및 방향 ··········································································· 5
나. 유치원 운영실태 관련 선행연구 고찰 ··································································· 5
2. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가 ·························································································· 8
가. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가의 개념 ······································································· 8
나. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가의 필요성 및 목적 ··················································· 9
다. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가준거 ··········································································· 10
1) 누리과정에 제시된 교육 프로그램 관련 평가 준거 ······································· 10
2) 유치원 기관평가에 포함된 교육 프로그램 관련 평가준거 ···························· 11
3) 선행연구에서 제시된 교육 프로그램 관련 평가준거 ····································· 12
라. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가방법 및 평가주체 ··················································· 13
Ⅲ. 연구방법 ························································································································· 15
1. 유치원 운영실태 조사 ·································································································· 15
가. 조사대상 ···················································································································· 15
나. 설문지 개발 절차 ···································································································· 17
다. 설문지 내용 ·············································································································· 19
라. 온라인 설문 시스템 구축 및 설문 조사 ····························································· 19
마. 자료 분석 ·················································································································· 19
2. OECD 국가 유치원 운영 비교 ··················································································· 19
가. 문헌분석 ···················································································································· 20
나. 인터넷을 통한 면담 ································································································ 20
다. 연구절차 ···················································································································· 20
3. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 개발 ······································································· 21
가. 문헌분석 및 OECD 현황 조사 ············································································· 21
나. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 시안 개발 절차 ············································· 21
다. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 시안의 내용 타당도 검증 ···························· 24
라. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 최종안 개발 ··················································· 29
Ⅳ. 전국 유치원 운영실태 분석 ·················································································· 30
1. 전국 국공립 및 사립유치원 운영실태 비교 분석 ··················································· 30
가. 유치원 현황 ·············································································································· 30
1) 학급구성 ················································································································· 30
2) 교육과정 및 방과후 과정 운영 현황 ································································ 35
나. 유치원 교육환경 및 교육과정 ··············································································· 39
1) 교육환경 ················································································································· 39
2) 교육과정 ················································································································· 41
다. 방과후 과정 ·············································································································· 47
1) 방과후 과정이 주로 이루어지는 방법 ······························································· 47
2) 방과후 과정 운영시 가장 큰 어려움 ································································ 48
3) 방학 중 방과후 과정 운영 방법 ········································································ 48
4) 특성화 활동 주당 실시 비율 ·············································································· 49
5) 특성화 활동 일일 운영시간 ················································································ 51
6) 특성화 프로그램을 실시하는 이유 ···································································· 52
라. 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ······················································································ 53
1) 교원 및 직원 현황 ································································································ 53
2) 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ···················································································· 58
2. 국공립유치원 운영실태 분석 ······················································································ 64
가. 유치원 현황 ·············································································································· 64
1) 학급구성 ················································································································· 64
2) 교육과정 및 방과후 과정 운영 현황 ································································ 75
나. 유치원 교육환경 ······································································································ 80
1) 바깥놀이(대근육활동) 시 가장 빈번히 활용하는 장소 ··································· 80
2) 누리과정 운영을 위한 생활주제별, 연령별 교재교구의 구비 정도에 대한
인식도 ····················································································································· 81
3) 누리과정 운영을 위한 유형별 교재교구의 구비 비율에 대한 인식도 ········ 82
다. 방과후 과정 ·············································································································· 82
1) 방과후 과정이 주로 이루어지는 방법 ······························································· 82
2) 방과후 과정 운영시 가장 큰 어려움 ································································ 83
3) 방학 중 방과후 과정 운영 방법 ········································································ 84
4) 특성화 활동 주당 실시 비율 ·············································································· 85
5) 특성화 활동 일일 운영시간 ················································································ 87
6) 특성화 프로그램을 실시하는 이유 ···································································· 88
라. 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ······················································································ 89
1) 교원 및 직원 현황 ································································································ 89
2) 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ···················································································· 98
3. 사립유치원 운영실태 분석 ························································································ 110
가. 유치원 현황 ············································································································ 110
1) 학급구성 ··············································································································· 110
2) 교육과정 및 방과후 과정 운영 현황 ······························································ 124
나. 유치원 교육환경 ···································································································· 131
1) 바깥놀이(대근육활동) 시 가장 빈번히 활용하는 장소 ································· 131
2) 누리과정 운영을 위한 생활주제별, 연령별 교재교구의
구비 정도에 대한 인식도 ·················································································· 133
3) 누리과정 운영을 위한 유형별 교재교구의 구비 정도에 대한 인식도 ······ 134
다. 방과후 과정 ············································································································ 135
1) 방과후 과정이 주로 이루어지는 방법 ···························································· 135
2) 방과후 과정 운영시 가장 큰 어려움 ······························································ 137
3) 방학 중 방과후 과정 운영 방법 ······································································ 138
4) 특성화 활동 주당 실시 비율 ············································································ 139
5) 특성화 활동 일일 운영시간 ·············································································· 145
6) 특성화 프로그램을 실시하는 이유 ·································································· 150
라. 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ···················································································· 151
1) 교직원 현황 ········································································································· 151
2) 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ·················································································· 163
Ⅴ. OECD 국가와 우리나라 유치원 운영 비교 ················································ 176
1. OECD 국가 중심 유치원 운영 실태 비교 ····························································· 176
가. 기관유형 ················································································································· 176
나. 교육내용 ················································································································· 178
다. 일과운영 ················································································································· 180
라. 수업일수와 집단구성 ···························································································· 182
마. 비용 및 정부지원 ·································································································· 184
바. 근무시간 및 급여 ·································································································· 185
사. 교사자격 ················································································································· 186
2. OECD(호주, 캐나다, 영국, 미국) 유치원 운영일과 예시 ··································· 188
가. 호주 ························································································································· 188
나. 캐나다 ····················································································································· 191
다. 영국 ························································································································· 193
라. 미국 ························································································································· 194
마. 호주, 캐나다, 영국, 미국 국가의 일과운영 비교표 ······································· 196
3. 시사점 ··························································································································· 197
Ⅵ. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 개발 결과 ··············································· 199
1. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 개요 ···································································· 199
2. 유치원 교육 프로그램의 평가 영역별 평가 문항 및 척도 ································· 204
가. 교육 프로그램 목표(3문항) ················································································· 204
나. 교육 프로그램 내용(4문항) ················································································· 205
다. 교육 프로그램 교수-학습 방법(7문항) ······························································ 206
라. 교육 프로그램 평가(9문항) ················································································· 208
마. 교육 프로그램 지원체계(7문항) ·········································································· 210
3. 시사점 및 기대효과 ···································································································· 212
가. 국가 ························································································································· 212
나. 단위 유치원 ············································································································ 213
다. 교원 ························································································································· 213
Ⅶ. 요약 및 결론 ············································································································· 215
1. 유치원 운영실태 조사 ································································································ 215
가. 요약 ························································································································· 215
나. 논의 및 제언 ·········································································································· 216
2. OECD 국가와 우리나라 유치원 운영사례 비교 ··················································· 217
가. 요약 ························································································································· 217
나. 논의 및 제언 ·········································································································· 219
3. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 개발 ···································································· 220
가. 요약 ······················································································································· 220
나. 논의 및 제언 ·········································································································· 221
참고문헌······························································································································· 224
<부록 1> 2014 전국 유치원 운영실태 조사 설문지 ······································ 229
<부록 2> 유치원 교육 프로그램 자체 평가도구 ·············································· 236
<부록 3> 유치원 교육 프로그램의 평가영역․지표․문항에 따른 평가척도 및 핵심요소···················· 238
<부록 4> 유치원 교육 프로그램 자체 평가 매뉴얼 ······································· 246
유치원 운영 실태 비교 분석 및 교육 프로그램 평가모형 개발
책임연구원: 지성애(중앙대)
Ⅰ. 서론 ···································································································································· 1
1. 연구의 목적 및 필요성 ·································································································· 1
2. 연구의 내용 ······················································································································ 3
Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 ···················································································································· 5
1. 유치원 운영 실태 ············································································································ 5
가. 유치원 운영관리의 개념 및 방향 ··········································································· 5
나. 유치원 운영실태 관련 선행연구 고찰 ··································································· 5
2. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가 ·························································································· 8
가. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가의 개념 ······································································· 8
나. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가의 필요성 및 목적 ··················································· 9
다. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가준거 ··········································································· 10
1) 누리과정에 제시된 교육 프로그램 관련 평가 준거 ······································· 10
2) 유치원 기관평가에 포함된 교육 프로그램 관련 평가준거 ···························· 11
3) 선행연구에서 제시된 교육 프로그램 관련 평가준거 ····································· 12
라. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가방법 및 평가주체 ··················································· 13
Ⅲ. 연구방법 ························································································································· 15
1. 유치원 운영실태 조사 ·································································································· 15
가. 조사대상 ···················································································································· 15
나. 설문지 개발 절차 ···································································································· 17
다. 설문지 내용 ·············································································································· 19
라. 온라인 설문 시스템 구축 및 설문 조사 ····························································· 19
마. 자료 분석 ·················································································································· 19
2. OECD 국가 유치원 운영 비교 ··················································································· 19
가. 문헌분석 ···················································································································· 20
나. 인터넷을 통한 면담 ································································································ 20
다. 연구절차 ···················································································································· 20
3. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 개발 ······································································· 21
가. 문헌분석 및 OECD 현황 조사 ············································································· 21
나. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 시안 개발 절차 ············································· 21
다. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 시안의 내용 타당도 검증 ···························· 24
라. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 최종안 개발 ··················································· 29
Ⅳ. 전국 유치원 운영실태 분석 ·················································································· 30
1. 전국 국공립 및 사립유치원 운영실태 비교 분석 ··················································· 30
가. 유치원 현황 ·············································································································· 30
1) 학급구성 ················································································································· 30
2) 교육과정 및 방과후 과정 운영 현황 ································································ 35
나. 유치원 교육환경 및 교육과정 ··············································································· 39
1) 교육환경 ················································································································· 39
2) 교육과정 ················································································································· 41
다. 방과후 과정 ·············································································································· 47
1) 방과후 과정이 주로 이루어지는 방법 ······························································· 47
2) 방과후 과정 운영시 가장 큰 어려움 ································································ 48
3) 방학 중 방과후 과정 운영 방법 ········································································ 48
4) 특성화 활동 주당 실시 비율 ·············································································· 49
5) 특성화 활동 일일 운영시간 ················································································ 51
6) 특성화 프로그램을 실시하는 이유 ···································································· 52
라. 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ······················································································ 53
1) 교원 및 직원 현황 ································································································ 53
2) 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ···················································································· 58
2. 국공립유치원 운영실태 분석 ······················································································ 64
가. 유치원 현황 ·············································································································· 64
1) 학급구성 ················································································································· 64
2) 교육과정 및 방과후 과정 운영 현황 ································································ 75
나. 유치원 교육환경 ······································································································ 80
1) 바깥놀이(대근육활동) 시 가장 빈번히 활용하는 장소 ··································· 80
2) 누리과정 운영을 위한 생활주제별, 연령별 교재교구의 구비 정도에 대한
인식도 ····················································································································· 81
3) 누리과정 운영을 위한 유형별 교재교구의 구비 비율에 대한 인식도 ········ 82
다. 방과후 과정 ·············································································································· 82
1) 방과후 과정이 주로 이루어지는 방법 ······························································· 82
2) 방과후 과정 운영시 가장 큰 어려움 ································································ 83
3) 방학 중 방과후 과정 운영 방법 ········································································ 84
4) 특성화 활동 주당 실시 비율 ·············································································· 85
5) 특성화 활동 일일 운영시간 ················································································ 87
6) 특성화 프로그램을 실시하는 이유 ···································································· 88
라. 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ······················································································ 89
1) 교원 및 직원 현황 ································································································ 89
2) 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ···················································································· 98
3. 사립유치원 운영실태 분석 ························································································ 110
가. 유치원 현황 ············································································································ 110
1) 학급구성 ··············································································································· 110
2) 교육과정 및 방과후 과정 운영 현황 ······························································ 124
나. 유치원 교육환경 ···································································································· 131
1) 바깥놀이(대근육활동) 시 가장 빈번히 활용하는 장소 ································· 131
2) 누리과정 운영을 위한 생활주제별, 연령별 교재교구의
구비 정도에 대한 인식도 ·················································································· 133
3) 누리과정 운영을 위한 유형별 교재교구의 구비 정도에 대한 인식도 ······ 134
다. 방과후 과정 ············································································································ 135
1) 방과후 과정이 주로 이루어지는 방법 ···························································· 135
2) 방과후 과정 운영시 가장 큰 어려움 ······························································ 137
3) 방학 중 방과후 과정 운영 방법 ······································································ 138
4) 특성화 활동 주당 실시 비율 ············································································ 139
5) 특성화 활동 일일 운영시간 ·············································································· 145
6) 특성화 프로그램을 실시하는 이유 ·································································· 150
라. 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ···················································································· 151
1) 교직원 현황 ········································································································· 151
2) 교원의 근무여건 및 복지 ·················································································· 163
Ⅴ. OECD 국가와 우리나라 유치원 운영 비교 ················································ 176
1. OECD 국가 중심 유치원 운영 실태 비교 ····························································· 176
가. 기관유형 ················································································································· 176
나. 교육내용 ················································································································· 178
다. 일과운영 ················································································································· 180
라. 수업일수와 집단구성 ···························································································· 182
마. 비용 및 정부지원 ·································································································· 184
바. 근무시간 및 급여 ·································································································· 185
사. 교사자격 ················································································································· 186
2. OECD(호주, 캐나다, 영국, 미국) 유치원 운영일과 예시 ··································· 188
가. 호주 ························································································································· 188
나. 캐나다 ····················································································································· 191
다. 영국 ························································································································· 193
라. 미국 ························································································································· 194
마. 호주, 캐나다, 영국, 미국 국가의 일과운영 비교표 ······································· 196
3. 시사점 ··························································································································· 197
Ⅵ. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 개발 결과 ··············································· 199
1. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 개요 ···································································· 199
2. 유치원 교육 프로그램의 평가 영역별 평가 문항 및 척도 ································· 204
가. 교육 프로그램 목표(3문항) ················································································· 204
나. 교육 프로그램 내용(4문항) ················································································· 205
다. 교육 프로그램 교수-학습 방법(7문항) ······························································ 206
라. 교육 프로그램 평가(9문항) ················································································· 208
마. 교육 프로그램 지원체계(7문항) ·········································································· 210
3. 시사점 및 기대효과 ···································································································· 212
가. 국가 ························································································································· 212
나. 단위 유치원 ············································································································ 213
다. 교원 ························································································································· 213
Ⅶ. 요약 및 결론 ············································································································· 215
1. 유치원 운영실태 조사 ································································································ 215
가. 요약 ························································································································· 215
나. 논의 및 제언 ·········································································································· 216
2. OECD 국가와 우리나라 유치원 운영사례 비교 ··················································· 217
가. 요약 ························································································································· 217
나. 논의 및 제언 ·········································································································· 219
3. 유치원 교육 프로그램 평가모형 개발 ···································································· 220
가. 요약 ······················································································································· 220
나. 논의 및 제언 ·········································································································· 221
참고문헌······························································································································· 224
<부록 1> 2014 전국 유치원 운영실태 조사 설문지 ······································ 229
<부록 2> 유치원 교육 프로그램 자체 평가도구 ·············································· 236
<부록 3> 유치원 교육 프로그램의 평가영역․지표․문항에 따른 평가척도 및 핵심요소···················· 238
<부록 4> 유치원 교육 프로그램 자체 평가 매뉴얼 ······································· 246